What are the elements that must be proven in a case of negligence?

In a case of negligence, the elements that must be proven include a duty to act, a breach of that duty, causation, and damages.

The duty to act refers to the legal obligation that one individual has to another, which requires individuals to adhere to a standard of reasonable care in their actions to avoid causing harm. This duty is foundational in establishing a relationship where negligence can be evaluated.

Breach of duty occurs when an individual fails to meet the standard of care expected in that situation. This can involve actions taken or actions that should have been taken to prevent harm.

Causation links the breach of duty directly to the harm that occurred, demonstrating that the breach was a direct factor in causing the damages. There are generally two types of causation considered: actual cause (the breach directly led to the harm) and proximate cause (the harm was a foreseeable result of the breach).

Finally, damages refer to the actual harm or injury suffered by the harmed party, which can include physical injuries, emotional distress, or financial losses. Without evidence of damages, a claim of negligence cannot be supported.

The other choices include terms and concepts that do not align with the elements needed to establish negligence. For instance, motive and intent are relevant in