What type of evidence is based on an inference rather than direct observation?

Circumstantial evidence is classified as evidence that relies on inference rather than direct observation. It is derived from the surrounding circumstances of an event and can be used to suggest a conclusion, though it does not provide definitive proof on its own. For instance, if someone is found near a crime scene with a motive to commit the crime, their presence can be considered circumstantial evidence, implying their involvement even if there are no direct witnesses or physical evidence linking them to the act.

Physical evidence refers to tangible items collected from a crime scene—such as fingerprints, weapons, or clothing—which can be directly observed and analyzed. Testimonial evidence consists of statements made by witnesses who directly observed events taking place, providing firsthand accounts that are not based on inference. Documentary evidence includes records, documents, or any written material that directly pertains to a case.

Circumstantial evidence plays a crucial role in legal contexts, as it can build a compelling narrative through the accumulation of indirect indicators surrounding an event. Understanding this type of evidence is vital for making inferences that can guide investigations, although it typically requires supporting evidence to strengthen its conclusions.